Summary:
High dose or does rate was the reason the majority of the early deaths in Chernobyl because repair and regeneration can be inadequate so that a lot of cells would be destroyed which would cause impaired organ function. These are labeled as "deterministic effects" which can be life-threatening if the does is high enough. The first signs of a high dosage of radiation include the following diarrhoea, vomiting (which usually occurred within the first 15-30 minutes of exposure), fever, erythema, and mucous membrane were severely damaged. and erythema. The white-blood cell count within the first 24-36 hours of radiation also determined the severity of the dose and the only people to receive high dosage were the workers and the firemen who fought the fire.
Low doses or dose rate, damage can be repaired by cellular mechanisms that are still in functioning order and can atone for the harmed cells. But if the repair is inadequate or flawed, these cells can develop into cancerous cells further in the future or morph into inheritable defects. These late effects are referred to as "stochastic effects" and survival improved greatly; no early deaths were recorded in the less than 1-2 Gy exposure group.
What are the effects of "deterministic effects?"
What are the effects of "stochastic effects?"
In which case can cells have a chance to regenerate?
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